felix 发起了提问 2020-06-15 15:53

仓储与配送科学

问答 仓储与配送科学-3.4 Checking and packing

Packing can be labor-intensive because each piece of a customer order must be handled; but there is little walking. And because each piece will be handled, this is a convenient time to check that the customer order is complete and accurate. Order accuracy is a key measure of service to the customer, which is, in turn, that on which most businesses compete.   &nbs p;Inaccurate orders not only annoy customers by disrupting their operations, theyalso generate returns; and returns are expensive to handle (up to ten times the cost ofshipping the product out). ...

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felix 发起了提问 2020-06-15 15:48

仓储与配送科学

问答 仓储与配送科学-3.3.1 Sharing the work of order-picking

A customer order may be picked entirely by one worker; or by many workers but only one at a time; or by many at once. The appropriate strategy depends on many things,but one of the most important is how quickly must orders flow through the process.For example, if all the orders are known before beginning to pick, then we can plan efficient picking strategies in advance. If, on the other hand, orders arrive in real time and must be picked in time to meet shipping schedules then we have little or no time in which to seek efficiencies.    A general decision to be mad...

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felix 发起了提问 2020-06-15 14:27

仓储与配送科学

问答 仓储与配送科学-3.3 Order-picking

On receipt of a customer order the warehouse must perform checks such as verifying that inventory is available to ship. Then the warehouse must produce pick lists to guide the order-picking. Finally, it must produce any necessary shipping documentation and schedule the order-picking and shipping. These activities are typically accomplished by a warehouse management system, a la rge software system that co¨ordinates the activities of the warehouse. This is all part of the support to expedite the sending of the product to the customer.    Order-picking...

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felix 发起了提问 2020-06-15 14:08

仓储与配送科学

问答 仓储与配送科学-3.2 Put-away

Before product can be put away, an appropriate storage location must be determined.This is very important because where you store the product determines to a large extent how quickly and at what cost you later retrieve it for a customer. This requires managing a second inventory, not of product, but of storage locations. You must know at all times what storage locations are available, how large th ey are, how much weight they can bear, and so on.    When product is put away, the storage location should also be scanned to record where the product has been placed. This in...

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felix 发起了提问 2020-06-14 18:12

仓储与配送科学

问答 仓储与配送科学-3.1 Receiving

Receiving may begin with advance notification of the arrival of goods. This allows the warehouse to schedule receipt and unloading to coo¨rdinate efficiently with other activities within the warehous e. It is not unusual for warehouses to schedule trucks to within 30-minute time indows.    Once the product has arrived, it is unloaded and possibly staged for put away. It is lik ely to be scanned to register its arrival so that ownership is assumed, payments dispatched, and so that it is known to be available to fulfill customer demand. Product will be inspected and any excep...

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felix 发起了提问 2020-06-14 18:08

仓储与配送科学

问答 仓储与配送科学-3 Warehouse operations

A warehouse reorganizes and repackages product. Product typically arrives packaged on a larger scale and leaves packaged on a smaller scale. In other words, an important function of this warehouse is to break down large chunks of product and redistribute it in smaller quantities. For example, some skus may arrive from the vendor or manufac- turer in pallet quantities but be shipped out to custome rs in case quantities; other skus may arrive as cases but be shipped out as eaches; and some very fast-moving skus may arrive as pallets and be shipped out as eaches.    In such an...

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felix 发起了提问 2020-06-14 17:40

仓储与配送科学

问答 仓储与配送科学-2.6 Questions

Question 2.1. What are the five typical physical units-of-measure in which product is handled in a warehouse? For each unit-of-measure, state whether there are any standardized dimensions an d, if so, identify them.Question 2.2. In what ways has the inventory process depicted in Figure 2.5 been idealized?Question 2.3. What are the advantages and disadvantages of dedicated (reserved)& nbsp;storage? Of shared (random) storage?Question 2.4. Why is random storage (shared storage) likely to generate more space efficiency in a pallet storage area than where cartons are stored direc...

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felix 发起了提问 2020-06-14 17:38

仓储与配送科学

问答 仓储与配送科学-2.5 The warehouse as a queuing system

A queuing system is a model of the following structure: Customers arrive and join a queue to await service by any of several servers. After receiving service the customers depart the system.A fundame ntal result of queuing theory is known as Little’s Law, after the man who provided the first formal proof of a well-known piece of folk-wisdom [36].Theorem 2.1 (Little’s Law). For a queuing system i n steady state the average length L of the queue equals the average arrival rate λ times the average waiting time W. More succinctly:L = λW.A warehouse may be roughly modeled as a queuing system in wh...

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felix 发起了提问 2020-06-14 12:57

仓储与配送科学

问答 仓储与配送科学-2.4 Storage:“Dedicated”vs “Shared”

p;lift  truck. Storage  locations  are  expensive  because  they  represent  space, with consequent costs of rent, heating and/or air-conditioning, security, an d so on.  In addition, storage locations are typically within specialized equipment, such as shelving or flow rack, which are a capital cost. These costs impel us to use storage space as efficien tly as possible.There are two main strategies used in storing product.  The simplest is dedicated storage, in which each location is reserved for an assigned product and only that prod- uct may b...

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felix 发起了提问 2020-06-14 12:45

仓储与配送科学

问答 仓储与配送科学-2.3 Two fundamental resources

    Warehouse management is all about careful use of space and time (that is, labor or person-hours). Both space and time are expensive and so one would like to use as little  of each as possible in delivering product to customers. Figure 2.3 shows a plot of the popularity (number of times requested, or picks) of each SKU of a warehouse together with the physical volume (flow) of the SKU moved through the warehouse during one month. There is little correlation between popularity and flow, and this is one of the challenges of warehouse management, bec...

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felix 发起了提问 2020-06-14 12:33

仓储与配送科学

问答 仓储与配送科学-2.2Units of handling

    even though it is a frequently useful metaphor, most products do not, of course, flow like incompressible fluids. Instead, they flow more like a slurry of sand and gravel, roc ks and boulders. In other words, the product is not infinitely divisible but rather is granular at different scales.    A stock keeping unit, or SKU, is the smallest phys ical unit of a product that is tracked by an organization. For example, this might be a box of 100 Gem Clip brand paper clips. In this case the final customer will use a still smaller unit (ind...

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felix 发起了提问 2020-06-14 12:20

仓储与配送科学

问答 仓储与配送科学-2.1The fluid model of product flow

Material flowHere we briefly discuss a few issues that help lay the foundations for warehouse analysis.The most fundamental idea is of the management of two resources: space and time (that is, la bor or person-hours).The fluid model of product flow    The “supply chain” is the sequence of processes through which product moves from its origin toward the customer. In our meta phor of fluid flow we may say that warehouses represent storage tanks along the pipeline.    The analogy with fluid flows can also convey more substantial insight. For example, con...

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felix 发起了提问 2020-06-14 11:26

仓储与配送科学

问答 仓储与配送科学-1.2Types of warehouses

Warehouses may be categorized by type, which is primarily defined by the customers they serve. Here are some of the more important distinctions:      A retail distribution center t ypically supplies product to retail stores, such as Wal- Mart or Target. The immediate customer of the distribution center is a retail store, which is likely to be a regular or even captive customer , receiving ship- ments on regularly scheduled days. A typical order might comprise hundreds or thousands of items; and because the distribution center might serve hundreds of stores, the flow of prod...

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felix 发起了提问 2020-06-12 22:17

仓储与配送科学

问答 仓储与配送科学-1.1Warehouse rationale

1.1 Why have a warehouse?Why have a warehouse at all? A warehouse requires labor, capital (land and storage-and-handling equipment) and information systems, all of which are expensive. Is there some w ay to avoid the expense? For most operations the answer is no. Warehouses,or their various cousins, provide useful services that are unlikely to vanish under the current economic scene. Here are some of their uses:To better match supply with customer demand:  One of the major challenges in managing a supply chain is that demand can change quickly, but supply takes longer to change. Surges in deman...

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felix 发起了提问 2020-06-12 10:15

仓储与配送科学

问答 仓储与配送科学-书籍内容结构

0.2组织Organization第一部分，议题，设备和流程Part I, Issues, equipment, and processes我们首先简要讨论物质流，并提供一种简单，汇总的查看方法。这种“流体模型”在很大程度上提供了有用的见解。We begin with a brief discussion of material flow and provide an simple,aggrega te way of viewing it. This “fluid model” provides useful insights inthe large.接下来，我们概述仓库操作：典型的仓库类型；它们如何为企业的运营做出贡献；仓库面临什么类型的问题；仓库可以动员哪些资源来解决这些问题；和一些简单的分析工具。Next we give an overview of warehouse operat ions: Typical kinds of warehouses;how they contribute to the operations of a business; what types ofproblems a warehouse faces; what resources a warehouse can mobilize to solve those problems; and so...

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